ERANDA (Seed)
Eranda consists of dried seed of Ricinus communis Linn. (Fam. Euphorbiaceae); a tall glabrous shrub or almost small tree, 2-4 m high; found throughout India, mostly growing wild on waste land and also cultivated for its oil seeds.
SYNONYMS
Sansk. : Gandharva-Hasta, Panchangul, Vatari
Assam. : Erri
Beng. : Bherenda
Eng. : Castor Oil Plant
Guj. : Erando
Hindi. : Erand, Rendee, Andeo
Kan. : Harlu
Kash. : —
Mal. : Abanakka, Avanakku
Mar. : Eramd, Eramdee
Ori. : Bheranda
Punj. : Erand
Tam. : Amanakku
Tel. : Amudamu, Amudmuchetu
Urdu. : Erand
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Seeds oblong, one face convex and the other slightly flattened, 1-1.5 cm long, 0.6-0.9 cm wide, 0.4-0.8 cm thick, testa hard, glossy, smooth, grey or brown to reddishbrown or black and may be variously marbled or striped, raphe extends from the caruncle to chalaza; odour, not distinct; taste, weakly acrid.
b) Microscopic
Seed shows a hard testa, membraneous tegmen, a fleshy endosperm, and thin embryo with flat, broad cotyledons; testa consists of hard, single layered epidermis, radially elongated, compactly arranged, slightly curved tabular cells, having reddishbrown contents followed by 8-10 layered, tangentially elongated parenchymatous cells, most of them containing oil globules, fibro-vascular bundles found scattered in this zone; endosperm consisting of oval, irregular cells filled with oil globules, abundant aleurone grains, measuring 8.2 – 13.75 μ in dia.; cotyledons, thin, flat and leafy.
Powder – Dark brown, oily; shows fragments of numerous elongated thick-walled, polygonal cells of testa, reddish-brown tabular cells, thin-walled oval to round parenchymatous cells of endosperm oil globules, numerous aleurone grains measuring upto 13.75 μ in dia. and including crystalloids and globoids within.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.2
Total ash Not more than 4 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.3
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.4
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 36 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.6
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 6 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.7
Fixed oil Not less than 37 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.8
T.L.C. –
T.L.C. of the alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using Chloroform:
Ethylacetate (95 : 5) shows under U.V. (366 nm) a fluorescent spot at Rf. 0.95 (sky blue). On exposure to Iodine vapour seven spots appear at Rf. 0.39, 0.50, 0.64, 0.72, 0.80, 0.89 and 0.95 (all yellowish brown). On spraying with 5% Methanolic-Sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate for about ten minutes at 105° C seven spots appear at Rf. 0.39, 0.50, 0.64, 0.72, 0.80, 0.89 and 0.95 (all brown).
CONSTITUENTS – Fixed Oil.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Katu, Kasaya
Guna : Snigdha, Suksma, Tiksna
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Dipana, Medohara, Amapacana, Vidbhedana, Anulomana, Srotosodhana, Vayasthapana
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Brhat Saindhavadi Taila, Gandharvahastadi Taila, Simhanada Gaggulu, Misraka Sneha
THERAPEUTIC USES – Amavata, Vibandha, Yakrt Roga, Plihodara, Arsa, Kati Sula, Grdhrasi.
DOSE – 1/2 – 3 g. (Powder).
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